Uhlalutyo lweNkqubo yokuveliswa kweGelatin ngendlela yeAlkaline

I-Gelatin yi-colloid esetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini okutya, amayeza, izinto zokuthambisa, kunye namanye amashishini. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa, phakathi kwazo indlela ye-alkaline esetyenziswa kakhulu. Apha ngezantsi kukho uhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lwenkqubo yendlela ye-alkaline:
Ⅰ. Ukulungiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza

Okokuqala, izinto ezikrwada ezityebileyo i-collagen, njengezikhumba zezilwanyana okanye amathambo, ziyalungiswa. Ezi zinto zakha isisekoi-gelatin imveliso, kwaye umgangatho wazo uchaphazela ngqo imveliso yokugqibela. Ke ngoko, izinto ezikrwada kufunekaintsha kwaye ayinangcolisekongexesha lokukhetha.

II. Unyango lwe-Alkaline

Okulandelayo, izinto ezikrwada ziyanyangwa nge-alkaline. Iinjongo zezi:

1. Susa izinto ezingezizo ii-collagen (umz., amafutha, ukungcola).
2. Hlikihla i-collagen kancinci ukuze kuphuculwe ukunyibilika kwayo.

Ulawulo oluPhambili:

• Uxinzelelo lweAlkali: Ngokwesiqhelo isisombululo se-2–5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) okanye i-1–3% calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂).
• Ubushushu: Igcinwe kwi-15–25°C ukuze kuthintelwe i-hydrolysis egqithisileyo.
• Ubude bexesha: Iiyure ezili-12–48 (ziyahluka ngohlobo lwezinto eziluhlaza kunye nobukhulu bazo).
  
  

  Ⅲ. Ukuhluza
  Emva konyango lwe-alkaline, umxube uyahluzwa ukuze kususwe ukungcola okuqinileyo. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

  • Ukusila iMesh entle: Ukusebenzisa izikrini ze-mesh ezingama-80–100 ukwahlula amasuntswana amakhulu.
  • Ukubeka iCentrifugation: Kwizinto ezingcolileyo ezincinci, i-centrifugation kwi-3000–5000 rpm ayinyanzelekanga.

  Injongo kukufumanaulwelo olucacileyo, olungenakungcola.
  Ⅳ. Ukugxila

  Ulwelo oluhluziweyo luxutyiwe ukuze lunyuke i-gelatin uxinaniso (ngesiqhelo ukusuka kwi-5–10% ukuya kwi-20–30%). Oku kudla ngokufezekiswa ngokusebenzisaukufuma okushushuphantsi kweemeko ezilawulwayo:

  • Ubushushu: 60–70°C ukuthintela ukubola kwe-collagen.
  • Ukuphazamiseka: Ukuxukuxa okuqhubekayo ukuze kuthintelwe ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokutsha.
    
    Ⅴ. Ukomisa
    

    Ekugqibeleni, isisombululo segelatin esixineneyo siyomiswa ukuze kuveliswe imveliso yokugqibela. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokomisa ziquka:

    1. Ukomisa ngeSpray: Ukufunxa isisombululo sibe ngamathontsi uze womise ngomoya oshushu (120–140°C) ukuze kube ngumgubo.
    2. Ukomisa nge-vacuum: Ukomisa kwi-40–50°C phantsi kwe-vacuum ukuze kulondolozwe iipropati zokusebenza kwe-gelatin.

    Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela eyamkelweyo, kufuneka ulawulo oluqinileyo lobushushu kunye nexesha ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nozinzo lwemveliso.