Ukuhlaziywa Kwenqubo Yokukhiqizwa Kwe-Gelatin Ngendlela Ye-Alkaline

I-Gelatin iyi-colloid esetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yokudla, yezemithi, yezimonyo, nakwezinye izimboni. Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokukhiqiza, phakathi kwazo indlela ye-alkaline evame ukusetshenziswa. Ngezansi kunencazelo eningiliziwe yenqubo yendlela ye-alkaline:
Ⅰ. Ukulungiselela Izinto Zokusetshenziswa

Okokuqala, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezicebile i-collagen, njengezikhumba noma amathambo ezilwane, kuyalungiswa. Lezi zinto zakha isisekeloi-gelatin ukukhiqizwa, kanye nekhwalithi yazo kuthinta ngqo umkhiqizo wokugcina. Ngakho-ke, izinto zokusetshenziswa kumelekusha futhi akungcoliswangangesikhathi sokukhetha.

II. Ukwelashwa Nge-Alkaline

Okulandelayo, izinto zokusetshenziswa ziphathwa nge-alkaline. Izinhloso yilezi:

1. Susa izingxenye ezingezona i-collagen (isib. amafutha, ukungcola).
2. Hlikihla i-collagen kancane ukuze uthuthukise ukuncibilika kwayo.

Izilawuli Eziyinhloko:

• Ukuhlushwa kwe-Alkali: Ngokuvamile isixazululo se-sodium hydroxide (NaOH) esingu-2–5% noma isixazululo se-calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) esingu-1–3%.
• Izinga lokushisa: Kugcinwa ku-15–25°C ukuze kugwenywe i-hydrolysis eningi.
• Ubude besikhathi: Amahora angu-12–48 (kuyahlukahluka ngohlobo lwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nobukhulu).
  
  

  Ⅲ. Ukuhlunga
  Ngemva kokwelashwa nge-alkaline, ingxube iyahlungwa ukuze kususwe ukungcola okuqinile. Izindlela ezivamile zifaka:

  • Ukusikwa Kwe-Mesh Okuhle: Ukusebenzisa izikrini ze-mesh ezingu-80–100 ukuhlukanisa izinhlayiya ezinkulu.
  • I-Centrifugation: Uma ukungcola kuncane, i-centrifugation ku-3000–5000 rpm iyinto ongayikhetha.

  Umgomo ukutholauketshezi olucacile, olungenakungcola.
  Ⅳ. Ukugxila

  Uketshezi oluhlungiwe lugxilisiwe ukuze lukhule i-gelatin ukuhlushwa (ngokuvamile kusuka ku-5–10% kuya ku-20–30%). Lokhu kuvame ukufezwa ngokusebenzisaukuhwamuka okushisayongaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo:

  • Izinga lokushisa: 60–70°C ukuvimbela ukubola kwe-collagen.
  • Ukucasuka: Ukuxubha okuqhubekayo ukuze kugwenywe ukushisa kakhulu kwendawo kanye nokushisa.
    
    Ⅴ. Ukomisa
    

    Ekugcineni, isixazululo se-gelatin esigxilile siyomiswa ukuze kukhiqizwe umkhiqizo wokugcina. Izindlela ezivamile zokomisa zifaka:

    1. Ukomisa ngesifutho: Ukufaka i-atomize ikhambi libe amaconsi bese womisa ngomoya oshisayo (120–140°C) ukuze kube impuphu.
    2. Ukomisa nge-vacuum: Ukomisa ku-40–50°C ngaphansi kwe-vacuum ukuze kulondolozwe izakhiwo zokusebenza kwe-gelatin.

    Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi indlela eyamukelwayo, kudingeka ukulawulwa okuqinile kwezinga lokushisa nesikhathi ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokuqina komkhiqizo.