Tlhaloso le Tšebeliso ea Collagen, Gelatin, le Hydrolyzed Collagen Kakaretso

collagen,gelatinle collagen e nang le hydrolyzed ke metsoako e amanang haufi-ufi ea protheine e nang le litšobotsi tse ikhethang tsa sebopeho le thepa ea ts'ebetso, e sebelisoang haholo lijong, meriana, litlolo le nutraceuticaLiindasteri tsa l. Sengoloa sena se bapisa ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng dibopeho tsa tsona tsa limolek'hule, lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso, le mesebetsi ea bohlokoa, se sekaseka lits'ebetso tsa tsona ho ntšetseng pele bophelo bo botle, Tlhahiso ea Lijo, le tlhokomelo ea letlalo, 'me e fana ka temohisiso bakeng sa khetho e utloahalang e thehiloeng maemong a itseng a ts'ebeliso. Ka ho hlakisa likhopolo tse fosahetseng tse tloaelehileng le ho totobatsa bopaki ba saense, mosebetsi ona o sebetsa e le tataiso e felletseng bakeng sa bafuputsi, litsebi tsa indasteri, le bareki ba batlang ho utloisisa liprotheine tsena tse feto-fetohang.

1. Selelekela

Collagen ke protheine e nang le likhoele tse ngata ka ho fetisisa matrix ea kantle ho lisele tsa liphoofolo, e etsang 25-30% ea protheine eohle ea 'mele ho liphoofolo tse anyesang. E bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho bolokeng botšepehi ba sebopeho sa letlalo, masapo, manonyeletso, li-tendon le lisele tse hokahaneng (Ricard-Blum, 2011). gelatin lecollagen e nang le hydrolyzed li nkiloe ho collagen ka ts'ebetso e laoloang, ho boloka liprofaele tsa bohlokoa tsa amino acid (mohlala, glycine, proline, hydroxyproline) ha li ntse li bontša thepa ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale e fetotsoeng. Ho sa tsotellehe tšimoloho ea tsona e tšoanang, lintho tsena tse tharo li fapana haholo ka boima ba limolek'hule, ho qhibiliha ha tsona, le ts'ebetso, e leng se lebisang lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng ho pholletsa le liindasteri. Ka thahasello e ntseng e hola ea bareki metsoakong ea tlhaho, lihlahisoa tse thibelang botsofali, le lijo tse sebetsang, ho utloisisa liphapang lipakeng tsa collagen, gelatin, le collagen e nang le hydrolyzed ho fetohile habohlokoa haholo bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea sehlahisoa le tšebeliso e nang le tsebo.

2. Litšobotsi tsa Sebopeho le Mekhoa ea Tlhahiso

2.1 Kholajene

• Sebopeho sa limolek'hule: Collagen ea tlhaho e na le sebopeho sa triple-helix se entsoeng ka liketane tse tharo tsa polypeptide (liketane tsa α) tse hokahaneng ka har'a litlamo tsa haedrojene. Ketane ka 'ngoe e na le tatellano ea Gly-XY e pheta-phetoang (X hangata ke proline, Y ke hydroxyproline), e tsitsitseng helix le ho kenya letsoho matleng a ho hula ha collagen (Brodsky & Shah, 2016). Boima ba limolek'hule ba collagen ea tlhaho bo tloha ho 300 kDa ho isa ho 400 kDa, e leng se etsang hore e se ke ea qhibiliha metsing le li-solvents tse ngata tsa tlhaho.
• Mehloli le ho ntsha: Collagen e ntšoa haholo-holo lihlahisoa tse tsoang liphoofolong tse kang matlalo a likhomo, letlalo la kolobe, makhopho a litlhapi le maoto a khoho. Ts'ebetso ea ho ntša e kenyelletsa ho tlosa mafura, ho tlosa liminerale, le kalafo ea asiti/alkaline ho tlosa liprotheine tse seng tsa collagen, e lateloe ke pula le tlhoekiso ho fumana collagen ka mokhoa oa phofo kapa gel (Li et al., 2020).

2.2 Gelatin

• Sebopeho sa limolek'hule: Gelatin e hlahisoa ke hydrolysis e sa fellang ea collagen, e robang sebopeho sa triple-helix hore e be liketane tsa polypeptide tse kobehileng ka mokhoa o sa reroang. Boima ba eona ba limolek'hule bo tloha ho 10 kDa ho isa ho 100 kDa, ka kabo e pharaletseng ha e bapisoa le collagen ea tlhaho. Gelatin e boloka tatellano ea Gly-XY empa ha e na triple helix e laetsoeng, e e nolofalletsang ho theha marang-rang a gel a ka fetoloang mocheso ha a pholile (Zhang et al., 2018).
• Tshebetso ea Tlhahiso: Tlhahiso ea gelatin e kenyelletsa mekhoa e 'meli e meholo: hydrolysis ea asiti (mofuta oa A gelatin) le hydrolysis ea alkaline (mofuta oa B gelatin). Hydrolysis ea asiti e sebelisetsoa collagen e tsoang letlalong la kolobe, ha alkaline hydrolysis e loketse letlalo la likhomo le masapo. Kamora hydrolysis, tharollo e sefiloe, e tiile, ebe e omisoa ka spray ho hlahisa phofo ea gelatin. Tekanyo ea hydrolysis e laoloa ho leka-lekanya matla a gelling, viscosity le ho qhibiliha (Regenstein & Regenstein, 2012).
  
  

  2.3 Collagen e nang le Hydrolyzed

  • Sebopeho sa limolek'hule: Kolagen e nang le hydrolyzed (eo hape e bitsoang collagen peptides kapa collagen hydrolyzate) e feta ho feta ha enzymatic kapa acid hydrolysis ea gelatin, e leng se fellang ka diketane tse nyane tsa peptide tse nang le boima ba limolek'hule ba 1 kDa ho isa ho 10 kDa. Li-peptide tsena tse kgutshwane di qhibiliha ka metsing maemong ohle a mocheso mme ha di etse di-gel, kaha boholo ba tsona ba limolek'hule bo bonyenyane haholo ho etsa marang-rang a tsitsitseng (Pei et al., 2019).
  • Tshebetso ea Tlhahiso: Kolajene e nang le hydrolyzed Hangata e hlahisoa ka ho phekola gelatin ka li-enzyme tsa proteolytic (mohlala, trypsin, pepsin) kapa li-acid tse matla, tse lateloang ke ultrafiltration ho arola li-peptide ka boima ba limolek'hule. Ts'ebetso ena e netefatsa hore li-bioavailability li ngata, kaha li-peptide tse nyane li ka monngoa ka potlako ka har'a tšilo ea lijo ntle le tšilo ea lijo e eketsehileng (Jongjareonrak et al., 2014).
  3. Liphapang tsa Bohlokoa tsa Mosebetsi

  Thepa	Kolajene	Gelatin	Collagen e nang le Hydrolyzed
  Ho qhibiliha ha metsi	Ha e qhibilihe ka metsing (mocheso oa kamore)	E qhibiliha ka metsing a chesang; e etsa gel ha e pholisitsoe	E qhibiliha ka metsing (a chesang/a batang)
  Boima ba limolek'hule	300–400 kDa	10–100 kDa	1–10 kDa
  Sebopeho	Helikse e meraro	Khoele e sa reroang	Li-peptide tse khutšoanyane (ha ho na helix)
  Thepa ea Gelling	Tjhe	E (e ka fetoloa hape)	Tjhe
  Ho fumaneha ha lintho tse phelang	E tlase (e hloka tšilo ea lijo)	E itekanetseng	Ho monya ka potlako (ka potlako)
  Ho Tsitsisa ha Thermal	Ho theoha ha mocheso ho 60–70°C	Ho qhibiliha ha letlalo mochesong oa 30–40°C (hoa qhibiliha)	E tsitsitse mochesong o mongata

   

  4. Likopo

  4.1 Bophelo bo Botle le Liphepo

  • Kolajene: Ka lebaka la ho qhibiliha ha eona le ho fumaneha ha eona habonolo, collagen ea tlhaho ha e sebelisoe hangata e le tlatsetso ea lijo. Ho e-na le hoo, e sebelisoa lisebelisoa tsa bongaka tse kang masela a maqeba, li-scaffolds tsa boenjiniere ba lisele, le litsamaiso tsa ho fana ka meriana, e sebelisa ho lumellana ha eona le tšehetso ea sebopeho (Lee et al., 2021).
  • Gelatin: E le tlatsetso ea phepo e nepahetseng, gelatin e fana ka li-amino acid tse tšehetsang bophelo bo botle ba mala, boleng ba boroko (ka glycine), le metabolism ea masapo. E boetse e sebelisoa mefuteng ea meriana (mohlala, li-capsule, matlapa) e le ntho e kopanyang le e sa kopaneng (Khan et al., 2016).
  • Collagen e nang le Hydrolyzed: Mofuta o sebelisoang haholo ho li-supplement, hydrolyzed collagen e pakiloe hore e tšehetsa bophelo bo botle ba manonyeletso ka ho fokotsa bohloko le ho ntlafatsa ho sisinyeha (Veronese et al., 2019). E boetse e ntlafatsa metsi a letlalo, ho tenyetseha le ho hlophisoa ha collagen, e leng se etsang hore e be motsoako oa bohlokoa li-supplement tse thibelang botsofali. Ho feta moo, e sebelisoa phepong ea lipapali ho khothaletsa ho hlaphoheloa ha mesifa le ho fokotsa ho ruruha ho bakoang ke boikoetliso (Zdzieblik et al., 2015).

   

  4.2 Indasteri ea Lijo

  • Kolajene: E sebelisoa nama e sebetsitsoeng (mohlala, lisoseje, li-hot dog) ho ntlafatsa sebopeho le ho boloka metsi. E boetse e eketsoa lihlahisoa tsa lijo tsa leoatleng ho matlafatsa ho tiea (Liu et al., 2018).
  • Gelatin: Gelatin, e leng sejo se ka sebelisoang ka bongata, e sebelisetsoa ho hlahisa li-jellies, marshmallows, lipompong tsa gummy, le yogurt, e fanang ka thepa ea ho etsa jelly, ho teteana le ho tsitsisa. E boetse e sebelisoa lihlahisoa tsa bohobe ho ntlafatsa ho tenyetseha ha hlama le bophelo ba eona ba ho boloka lijo (Regenstein & Regenstein, 2012).
  • Collagen e nang le Hydrolyzed: E eketsoa lijong tse sebetsang tse kang li-protein bar, li-smoothie, le lino tse matlafalitsoeng ka lebaka la protheine ea eona e ngata le ho qhibiliha ha eona. Ha e fetole tatso kapa sebopeho sa lijo, e leng se etsang hore e be e loketseng bakeng sa ho matlafatsa (Pei et al., 2019).

  4.3 Litlolo le Tlhokomelo ea Letlalo

  • Kolajene: E sebelisoa ho litlolo, li-serum le limaske ho ntlafatsa ho tiea ha letlalo le ho fokotsa matheba. Leha ho le joalo, boholo ba eona bo boholo ba limolek'hule bo fokotsa ho kenella ka hare ho likarolo tse tebileng tsa letlalo, kahoo haholo-holo e sebetsa e le setlolo se tlotsang letlalo (Schmidt & Schumann, 2017).
  • Gelatin: E eketsoa ho limaske tsa sefahleho le li-wraps tsa 'mele bakeng sa thepa ea eona ea ho nolofatsa le ho etsa filimi. E thusa ho nolofatsa mongobo le ho ntlafatsa sebopeho sa letlalo ka nakoana (Zhang et al., 2018).
  • Collagen e nang le Hydrolyzed: Motsoako o tsebahalang haholo lihlahisoa tsa tlhokomelo ea letlalo tse thibelang botsofali, kaha liketane tsa eona tse nyane tsa peptide li ka kenella ka har'a stratum corneum le ho susumetsa tlhahiso ea collagen ka har'a li-fibroblast tsa letlalo. E fokotsa matheba, e ntlafatsa ho tenyetseha ha letlalo, 'me e ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea lithibelo (Jongjareonrak et al., 2014).
  5. Polokeho le Lintho Tse Lokelang ho Etsoa

  Liprotheine tsena tse tharo ka kakaretso li tsejoa e le tse sireletsehileng (GRAS) ke FDA le EFSA. Leha ho le joalo, bareki ba nang le alejiki ho lihlahisoa tsa liphoofolo (mohlala, nama ea khomo, nama ea kolobe, tlhapi) ba lokela ho li qoba. Bakeng sa bareki ba halal le kosher, gelatin e nkiloeng mehloling e lumelletsoeng (mohlala, gelatin ea tlhapi bakeng sa halal) ea fumaneha. Ho feta moo, boleng ba lihlahisoa tsa collagen bo itšetlehile ka mohloli, mokhoa oa ho ntša, le kabo ea boima ba limolek'hule—bareki ba lokela ho khetha lihlahisoa tse tsoang ho bahlahisi ba nang le botumo bo botle ba nang le mangolo a liteko tsa motho oa boraro.

  6. Qetello

  Collagen, gelatin, le collagen e nang le hydrolyzed ke di-derivative tse fapaneng tse nang le dibopeho le mesebetsi e ikgethang. Collagen ya tlhaho e ipabola ditshebedisong tsa sebopeho, gelatin e ananelwa ka lebaka la thepa ya yona ya ho etsa gelling dijong le merianeng, mme collagen e nang le hydrolyzed E hlahella ka lebaka la ho fumaneha ha eona ho hoholo ha 'mele le melemo ea bophelo bo botle li-supplement le tlhokomelo ea letlalo. Ho utloisisa liphapang tsa tsona ho lumella tšebeliso e tobileng liindastering tse fapaneng le likhethong tse nang le tsebo tsa bareki. Lipatlisiso tsa nakong e tlang li ka 'na tsa shebana le ho nts'etsapele mekhoa e meng e thehiloeng limela, ho ntlafatsa bokhoni ba ho ntša li-extracts, le ho hlahloba lits'ebetso tse ncha phepong e ikhethileng le meriana e tsosolosang.