ʻO ka wehewehe a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o Collagen, Gelatin, a me ka Hydrolyzed Collagen Abstract

kolakena,gelatin, a me kolakena i hoʻohuihui ʻia he mau mea pili pono i ka protein me nā ʻano kūkulu like ʻole a me nā waiwai hana, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka meaʻai, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā mea hoʻonani, a me ka nutraceuticanā ʻoihana l. Hoʻohālikelike pono kēia ʻatikala i ko lākou mau ʻano molekala, nā kaʻina hana, a me nā hana koʻikoʻi, kālailai i kā lākou noi i ka hoʻolaha olakino, Hana ʻana i ka Meaʻai, a me ka mālama ʻili, a hāʻawi i nā ʻike no ke koho kūpono e pili ana i nā hihia hoʻohana kikoʻī. Ma ka wehewehe ʻana i nā kuhi hewa maʻamau a me ka hōʻike ʻana i nā hōʻike ʻepekema, lawelawe kēia hana ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi piha no nā mea noiʻi, nā ʻoihana ʻoihana, a me nā mea kūʻai aku e ʻimi nei e hoʻomaopopo i kēia mau protein versatile.

1. Hoʻolauna

ʻO ke kolakena ka protein fibrous nui loa i loko o ka matrix extracellular o nā holoholona, ​​​​e helu ana no 25-30% o ka protein kino holoʻokoʻa i nā mammals. He kuleana koʻikoʻi kāna i ka mālama ʻana i ke kūpaʻa o ka ʻili, nā iwi, nā hono, nā tendon, a me nā ʻiʻo pili (Ricard-Blum, 2011). gelatin a mekolakena i hoʻohuihui ʻia ua loaʻa mai ka collagen ma o ka hana i kāohi ʻia, e mālama ana i nā ʻano amino acid koʻikoʻi (e like me ka glycine, proline, hydroxyproline) ʻoiai e hōʻike ana i nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika i hoʻololi ʻia. ʻOiai ko lākou kumu like, ʻokoʻa loa kēia mau mea ʻekolu i ke kaumaha molekala, ka solubility, a me ka hana, e alakaʻi ana i nā noi like ʻole ma nā ʻoihana. Me ka ulu ʻana o ka hoihoi o ka mea kūʻai aku i nā mea kūlohelohe, nā huahana anti-aging, a me nā meaʻai hana, ʻo ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka collagen, gelatin, a me ka hydrolyzed collagen ua lilo i mea nui no ka hoʻomohala huahana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻike.

2. Nā ʻano kūkulu a me nā kaʻina hana hana

2.1 Kolakena

• ʻAno MolekalaʻO ka collagen maoli he ʻano triple-helix i hoʻokumu ʻia e ʻekolu mau kaulahao polypeptide (α-chain) i ulana ʻia ma o nā pilina hydrogen. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kaulahao nā moʻo Gly-XY e hana hou ana (ʻo X ka proline pinepine, ʻo Y ka hydroxyproline), ka mea e hoʻopaʻa i ka helix a hāʻawi i ka ikaika tensile o ka collagen (Brodsky & Shah, 2016). ʻO ke kaumaha molekala o ka collagen maoli mai 300 kDa a 400 kDa, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻole ʻia i ka wai a me ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik.
• Nā Kumuwaiwai a me ka Wehewehe ʻanaHoʻopuka nui ʻia ke kolakena mai nā huahana holoholona e like me nā ʻili bipi, ka ʻili puaʻa, nā unahi iʻa, a me nā wāwae moa. ʻO ke kaʻina hana unuhi e pili ana i ka hoʻohemo ʻana i ka momona, ka demineralization, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka waikawa/alkaline e wehe i nā protein non-collagenous, a ukali ʻia e ka hoʻoinu ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana e loaʻa ai ke kolakena ma ke ʻano pauka a gel paha (Li et al., 2020).

2.2 Gelatin

• ʻAno MolekalaHana ʻia ka Gelatin e ka hydrolysis hapa o ka collagen, ka mea e uhaʻi i ke ʻano triple-helix i loko o nā kaulahao polypeptide i wili ʻia. ʻO kona kaumaha molekala mai 10 kDa a 100 kDa, me kahi hoʻolaha ākea i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka collagen maoli. Mālama ʻo Gelatin i ka moʻo Gly-XY akā nele i ka triple helix i kauoha ʻia, e hiki ai iā ia ke hana i kahi pūnaewele gel thermoreversible ke hoʻomaʻalili ʻia (Zhang et al., 2018).
• Kaʻina HanaʻElua mau ʻano nui o ka hana ʻana o ka gelatin: ka hydrolysis waikawa (gelatin ʻano A) a me ka hydrolysis alkaline (gelatin ʻano B). Hoʻohana ʻia ka hydrolysis waikawa no ka collagen mai ka ʻili puaʻa, ʻoiai ʻo ka hydrolysis alkaline he kūpono ia no nā ʻili bipi a me nā iwi. Ma hope o ka hydrolysis, kānana ʻia ka hopena, hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a hoʻomaloʻo ʻia e hana i ka pauka gelatin. Hoʻomalu ʻia ke kekelē o ka hydrolysis e kaulike i ka ikaika gelling, ka viscosity, a me ka solubility (Regenstein & Regenstein, 2012).
  
  

  2.3 Kolakena i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia

  • ʻAno MolekalaʻO ka collagen hydrolyzed (i kapa ʻia hoʻi he peptides collagen a i ʻole collagen hydrolysate) e hana hou ʻia ka hydrolysis enzymatic a i ʻole acid o gelatin, e hopena ana i nā kaulahao peptide liʻiliʻi me ke kaumaha molekala o 1 kDa a 10 kDa. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kēia mau peptides pōkole i ka wai ma nā mahana āpau a ʻaʻole hana i nā gels, no ka mea, ua liʻiliʻi loa ko lākou nui molekala e hana i kahi pūnaewele paʻa (Pei et al., 2019).
  • Kaʻina Hana: Kolakena i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻO ka maʻamau, hana ʻia ka gelatin me nā enzymes proteolytic (e laʻa, trypsin, pepsin) a i ʻole nā ​​​​waikawa ikaika, a ukali ʻia e ka ultrafiltration e hoʻokaʻawale i nā peptides e ke kaumaha molekala. Hōʻoia ke kaʻina hana i ka bioavailability kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai hiki ke komo koke ʻia nā peptides liʻiliʻi i loko o ke ala gastrointestinal me ka ʻole o ka ʻeli hou ʻana (Jongjareonrak et al., 2014).
  3. Nā ʻokoʻa hana koʻikoʻi

  Waiwai	Kolakena	Gelatin	Kolakena i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia
  Ka hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia	ʻAʻole hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai (mahana lumi)	Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai wela; hana i ka gel ke hoʻomaʻalili ʻia	Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai (wela/anu)
  Kaumaha Molekala	300–400 kDa	10–100 kDa	1–10 kDa
  ʻAno	ʻEkolu helix	ʻŌwili kaulele	Nā peptides pōkole (ʻaʻohe helix)
  Waiwai Gelling	ʻAʻole	ʻAe (hiki ke hoʻohuli hou ʻia)	ʻAʻole
  Loaʻa ʻana o ka meaola	Haʻahaʻa (pono ka ʻai ʻana)	Waena	Kiʻekiʻe (hoʻopili wikiwiki)
  Paʻa Wela	Hoʻololi ʻia nā ʻano ma 60–70°C	Hoʻololi i nā ʻano ma 30–40°C (heheʻe)	Paʻa i ka hapa nui o nā mahana

   

  4. Nā noi

  4.1 Ola Kino a me nā Nutraceuticals

  • KolakenaMa muli o kona haʻahaʻa solubility a me ka bioavailability, ʻaʻole hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka collagen maoli ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui i ka meaʻai. Akā, hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā mea lapaʻau e like me nā ʻaʻahu ʻeha, nā scaffolds ʻenekinia kiko, a me nā ʻōnaehana lawe lāʻau, e hoʻohana ana i kona biocompatibility a me ke kākoʻo kūkulu (Lee et al., 2021).
  • GelatinMa ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui meaʻai, gelatin hāʻawi i nā waikawa amino e kākoʻo i ke olakino ʻōpū, ka maikaʻi o ka hiamoe (ma o glycine), a me ka metabolism o ka iwi. Hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi ia i nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau (e laʻa, nā capsules, nā papa) ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopaʻa a me ka mea hoʻoheheʻe (Khan et al., 2016).
  • Kolakena i hoʻoheheʻe ʻiaʻO ke ʻano i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea hoʻohui, ua hōʻoia ʻia ʻo hydrolyzed collagen e kākoʻo i ke olakino hui ma ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ʻeha a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana (Veronese et al., 2019). Hoʻonui pū ia i ka hydration o ka ʻili, ka elasticity, a me ka synthesis collagen, e lilo ia i mea nui i nā mea hoʻohui anti-aging. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka meaʻai haʻuki e hoʻolaha i ka hoʻōla ʻana o nā ʻiʻo a hōʻemi i ka mumū i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka hoʻoikaika kino (Zdzieblik et al., 2015).

   

  4.2 ʻOihana Meaʻai

  • KolakenaHoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā ʻiʻo i hana ʻia (e like me nā sausage, nā ʻīlio wela) e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano a me ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai. Hoʻohui ʻia hoʻi i nā huahana kai e hoʻoikaika i ka paʻa (Liu et al., 2018).
  • GelatinHe mea hoʻohui meaʻai maʻalahi, hoʻohana ʻia ka gelatin e hana i nā jellies, marshmallows, gummy candies, a me ka yogurt, e hāʻawi ana i nā waiwai gelling, thickening, a me ka stabilizing. Hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi ia i nā huahana bakery e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka elasticity o ka palaoa a me ke ola papa (Regenstein & Regenstein, 2012).
  • Kolakena i hoʻoheheʻe ʻiaHoʻohui ʻia i nā meaʻai hana e like me nā pā protein, nā smoothies, a me nā mea inu i hoʻoikaika ʻia no kona nui o ka protein a me ka solubility. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻololi i ka ʻono a i ʻole ke ʻano o nā meaʻai, e kūpono ai no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana (Pei et al., 2019).

  4.3 Nā mea hoʻonani a me ka mālama ʻili

  • KolakenaHoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā kirīmi, nā serum, a me nā masks e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻa o ka ʻili a hōʻemi i nā wrinkles. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kona nui molekala nui e kaupalena i ke komo ʻana i loko o nā papa hohonu o ka ʻili, no laila hana nui ia ma ke ʻano he moisturizer ʻili (Schmidt & Schumann, 2017).
  • GelatinHoʻohui ʻia i nā pale maka a me nā ʻōwili kino no kona mau waiwai hoʻomaʻū a me ke ʻano hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Kōkua ia i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka makū a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano o ka ʻili no kekahi manawa (Zhang et al., 2018).
  • Kolakena i hoʻoheheʻe ʻiaHe mea hoʻohui kaulana i nā huahana mālama ʻili anti-aging, ʻoiai hiki i kona mau kaulahao peptide liʻiliʻi ke komo i loko o ka stratum corneum a hoʻoulu i ka synthesis collagen i loko o nā fibroblasts ʻili. Hoʻemi ia i nā wrinkles, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka elasticity o ka ʻili, a hoʻonui i ka hana pale (Jongjareonrak et al., 2014).
  5. Palekana a me nā Manaʻo

  Ua ʻike nui ʻia nā protein ʻekolu he palekana (GRAS) e ka FDA a me EFSA. Eia nō naʻe, pono e pale aku nā mea kūʻai aku me nā maʻi allergies i nā huahana holoholona (e like me ka pipi, puaʻa, iʻa) iā lākou. No nā mea kūʻai halal a me kosher, loaʻa ka gelatin i loaʻa mai nā kumu i ʻae ʻia (e like me ka gelatin iʻa no ka halal). Eia kekahi, pili ka maikaʻi o nā huahana collagen i ke kumu, ke ʻano unuhi, a me ka hoʻolaha kaumaha molekala—pono nā mea kūʻai aku e koho i nā huahana mai nā mea hana kaulana me nā palapala hōʻoia hoʻāʻo ʻaoʻao ʻekolu.

  6. Hopena

  ʻO ke kolakena, ka gelatin, a me ka kolakena hydrolyzed he mau mea i loaʻa like ʻole me nā ʻano hana a me nā hana kūikawā. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka kolakena maoli i nā noi hoʻonohonoho, mahalo ʻia ka gelatin no kona mau waiwai gelling i ka meaʻai a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a kolakena i hoʻohuihui ʻia kū i waho no kona bioavailability kiʻekiʻe a me nā pono olakino i nā mea hoʻohui a me ka mālama ʻili. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ko lākou ʻokoʻa e hiki ai ke hoʻohana pono ʻia i nā ʻoihana like ʻole a me nā koho a ka mea kūʻai aku i ʻike ʻia. Hiki i nā noiʻi e hiki mai ana ke kālele i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā koho ʻē aʻe e pili ana i nā mea kanu, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pono o ka unuhi ʻana, a me ka ʻimi ʻana i nā noi hou i ka meaʻai pilikino a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau regenerative.